Foundations

Category / theme: Qur’anic evidence • Foundations

Published English translation: Verily in the messenger of Allah ye have a good example for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.

Source: Al-Ahzab (33:21)

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall — Tanzil text, en.pickthall

Status: Arabic and the identified published translation checked.

Relevance (compiler): Foundational warrant for studying exemplary conduct; its immediate setting is the crisis of al-Ahzab.

Best use: Definition / foundational argument

Related references: 008, 006

Verify: Arabic | Pickthall | Jalandhry

Category / theme: Qur’anic evidence • Foundations

Published English translation: And lo! thou art of a tremendous nature.

Source: Al-Qalam (68:4)

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall — Tanzil text, en.pickthall

Status: Arabic and the identified published translation checked.

Relevance (compiler): An explicit Qur’anic description of the Prophet’s character, not a later biographer’s assessment.

Best use: Definition / foundational argument

Verify: Arabic | Pickthall | Jalandhry

Category / theme: Qur’anic evidence • Foundations

Published English translation: We sent thee not save as a mercy for the peoples.

Source: Al-Anbya (21:107)

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall — Tanzil text, en.pickthall

Status: Arabic and the identified published translation checked.

Relevance (compiler): Frames the mission in terms of mercy; particular historical applications require their own evidence.

Best use: Definition / foundational argument

Verify: Arabic | Pickthall | Jalandhry

Category / theme: Qur’anic evidence • Foundations

Published English translation: Say, (O Muhammad, to mankind): If ye love Allah, follow me; Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

Source: Ali Imran (3:31)

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall — Tanzil text, en.pickthall

Status: Arabic and the identified published translation checked.

Relevance (compiler): Connects professed devotion with following the Messenger, rather than admiration alone.

Best use: Definition / foundational argument

Verify: Arabic | Pickthall | Jalandhry

Category / theme: Qur’anic evidence • Foundations

Published English translation: Say: I am only a mortal like you. My Lord inspireth in me that your Allah is only One Allah. And whoever hopeth for the meeting with his Lord, let him do righteous work, and make none sharer of the worship due unto his Lord.

Source: Al-Kahf (18:110)

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall — Tanzil text, en.pickthall

Status: Arabic and the identified published translation checked.

Relevance (compiler): Keeps human exemplarity, the distinction of revelation, and worship of God conceptually separate.

Best use: Definition / foundational argument

Verify: Arabic | Pickthall | Jalandhry

Category / theme: Hadith / transmitted report • Foundations

Published English excerpt: The character of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was the Qur'an.

Source / numbering: Sahih Muslim, 746a; Book 6, Prayer—Travellers; chapter 18, Night prayer; Sunnah.com numbering.

Narrator: ʿA’ishah, questioned by Saʿd ibn Hisham

Status / grading: Sahih collection report; Arabic/English excerpt checked.

Translation access: Sunnah.com English; individual translator not independently identified.

Relevance (compiler): A witness’s description connecting revelation and conduct. The larger report also rejects total withdrawal from ordinary responsibilities.

Best use: Textual evidence / example

Verify: Collection text

Category / theme: Hadith / transmitted report • Foundations

Published English excerpt: The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions

Source / numbering: Sahih al-Bukhari, 1; Book 1, Revelation; chapter 1; Sunnah.com numbering.

Narrator: ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab

Status / grading: Sahih collection report; Arabic/English excerpt checked.

Translation access: Sunnah.com English; individual translator not independently identified.

Relevance (compiler): Provides a methodological guard: outwardly similar actions can differ in moral purpose; the report illustrates this through migration.

Best use: Textual evidence / example

Verify: Collection text

Category / theme: Tafsir • Foundations

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Ibn Kathir treats the verse as a general principle of following the Messenger’s words and actions, while locating its immediate demand in patience and steadfastness during al-Ahzab.

Author / work: Ibn Kathir; Tafsir al-Qur’an al-ʿAzim; accessed English abridgment on Quran.com; 33:21–22; “The Command to follow the Messenger”

Verification / limitation: Commentary passage checked; English abridgment, not a critical Arabic edition

Relevance (compiler): Adds contextual interpretation rather than another copy of the verse.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verify: Cited passage