A. Foundations of human dignity

Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Israa (17), 17:70

Published English — Pickthall: Verily we have honoured the Children of Adam. We carry them on the land and the sea, and have made provision of good things for them, and have preferred them above many of those whom We created with a marked preferment.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: The address concerns the children of Adam, not only one sex or religious community. Use as the chapter’s central dignity text.

Best use: Introduction

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah An-Nisaa (4), 4:1

Published English — Pickthall: O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. Be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a watcher over you.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Connects humanity’s common origin with God-consciousness and kinship obligations; it is not a detailed list of modern legal rights.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Hujuraat (49), 49:13

Published English — Pickthall: O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct. Lo! Allah is Knower, Aware.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Peoples and tribes are for mutual recognition; honour before God is tied to piety rather than ancestry.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Ar-Room (30), 30:22

Published English — Pickthall: And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the difference of your languages and colours. Lo! herein indeed are portents for men of knowledge.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Treats differences of language and colour as divine signs. Anti-racist ethical application should be identified as an application.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah At-Tin (95), 95:4

Published English — Pickthall: Surely We created man of the best stature

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: A concise anthropological foundation for dignity; the following verses also discuss moral accountability.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah An-Nahl (16), 16:90

Published English — Pickthall: Lo! Allah enjoineth justice and kindness, and giving to kinsfolk, and forbiddeth lewdness and abomination and wickedness. He exhorteth you in order that ye may take heed.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Combines positive social duties with prohibitions of indecency, wrongdoing and oppression.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Hajj, no. 1739

Narrator: Ibn ʿAbbas, through ʿIkrima

Checked published English excerpt: “Your blood, your properties, and your honor are sacred to one another”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: A sermon on the Day of Sacrifice protects three domains of personal inviolability. Do not amalgamate every Farewell Pilgrimage report into one verbatim sermon.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih Muslim, Virtue, good manners and kinship, no. 2577a

Narrator: Abu Dharr

Checked published English excerpt: “O My servants, I have forbidden oppression for Myself and have made it forbidden amongst you, so do not oppress one another.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Established English wording on Sunnah.com; individual translator not confirmed from this entry.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: A hadith qudsi supplying a general moral prohibition of oppression; it is not a Qur’anic verse.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Funerals; page combines 1312–1313, no. 1312

Narrator: Sahl ibn Hunayf and Qays ibn Saʿd, through ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla

Checked published English excerpt: “Is it not a living being (soul)?”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The Prophet stood for a Jewish funeral. The combined report is counted once; later juristic disagreement about standing is a separate issue.

Best use: Argument / example

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Category: Tafsir

Source: Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Qur’an al-ʿAzim, on 4:1, “The Command to have Taqwa…”

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Ibn Kathir connects descent from one father and mother with compassion among people and kindness toward the weak. He reads the verse as an ethical reminder, not simply a genealogy.

Access and verification: English abridgment on Quran.com inspected; not a collation with an unabridged Arabic edition.

Relevance / context: Adds an explicit exegetical link between shared humanity and care.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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Category: Tafsir

Source: al-Tabari, Jamiʿ al-Bayan, on 17:70, opening explanation

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Al-Tabari explains honour through human capabilities, the use of other creatures, transport and good provision; he also transmits an explanation involving the use of hands.

Access and verification: Original Arabic commentary transcribed by King Saud University’s Ayat project; verse/section locator used, not the displayed mushaf page number.

Relevance / context: Shows the classical explanatory content; a modern catalogue of human rights is an additional application.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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Category: Tafsir

Source: al-Tabari, Jamiʿ al-Bayan, on 49:13, explanations of li-taʿarafu and atqakum

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Al-Tabari takes peoples and tribes as ways of recognising near and distant kinship, not grounds of superiority before God. He explains taqwa through fulfilling duties and avoiding disobedience.

Access and verification: Original Arabic commentary transcribed by King Saud University’s Ayat project; verse/section locator used, not the displayed mushaf page number.

Relevance / context: Useful against lineage-based contempt without erasing social identities.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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Category: Scholarly / juristic study

Source: Ahmad al-Raysuni, Nazariyyat al-Maqasid ʿinda al-Imam al-Shatibi, first chapter, discussion of al-Ghazali; digital unit 38. Al-Dar al-ʿAlamiyya li-l-Kitab al-Islami, 2nd ed., 1412 AH / 1992

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Al-Raysuni traces al-Ghazali’s refinement of the five protected interests: religion, life, intellect, progeny and property. He notes the move from the term buḍʿ to nasl and the ordering of interests by importance.

Access and verification: Arabic book transcription and edition metadata inspected in Usul/Shamela; no independent printed-page collation.

Relevance / context: Offers a rights-relevant organising framework. The compiler inspected al-Raysuni, not the cited original editions of al-Ghazali.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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