B. Spiritual agency and accountability

Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Ahzaab (33), 33:35

Published English — Pickthall: Lo! men who surrender unto Allah, and women who surrender, and men who believe and women who believe, and men who obey and women who obey, and men who speak the truth and women who speak the truth, and men who persevere (in righteousness) and women who persevere, and men who are humble and women who are humble, and men who give alms and women who give alms, and men who fast and women who fast, and men who guard their modesty and women who guard (their modesty), and men who remember Allah much and women who remember - Allah hath prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Names men and women in parallel across religious and moral qualities, concluding with forgiveness and great reward.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah An-Nisaa (4), 4:124

Published English — Pickthall: And whoso doeth good works, whether of male or female, and he (or she) is a believer, such will enter paradise and they will not be wronged the dint in a date-stone.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Explicitly includes male and female believers in the promise of Paradise and absence of injustice.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah An-Nahl (16), 16:97

Published English — Pickthall: Whosoever doeth right, whether male or female, and is a believer, him verily we shall quicken with good life, and We shall pay them a recompense in proportion to the best of what they used to do.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Conditions the promise on faith and good action, explicitly including both sexes.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Aal-i-Imraan (3), 3:195

Published English — Pickthall: And their Lord hath heard them (and He saith): Lo! I suffer not the work of any worker, male or female, to be lost. Ye proceed one from another. So those who fled and were driven forth from their homes and suffered damage for My cause, and fought and were slain, verily I shall remit their evil deeds from them and verily I shall bring them into Gardens underneath which rivers flow - A reward from Allah. And with Allah is the fairest of rewards.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: The assurance concerns male and female labour, with migration, persecution and sacrifice in the surrounding passage.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Ghaafir (40), 40:40

Published English — Pickthall: Whoso doeth an ill-deed, he will be repaid the like thereof, while whoso doeth right, whether male or female, and is a believer, (all) such will enter the Garden, where they will be nourished without stint.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Separates punishment for wrongdoing from the abundant reward of faithful good works, male or female.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-A'raaf (7), 7:23

Published English — Pickthall: They said: Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If thou forgive us not and have not mercy on us, surely we are of the lost!

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: The dual form attributes the confession and appeal for mercy to both; it should not be replaced by a women-only blame narrative.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah At-Tahrim (66), 66:11-12

Published English — Pickthall: [66:11] And Allah citeth an example for those who believe: the wife of Pharaoh when she said: My Lord! Build for me a home with thee in the Garden, and deliver me from Pharaoh and his work, and deliver me from evil-doing folk; [66:12] And Mary, daughter of 'Imran, whose body was chaste, therefor We breathed therein something of Our Spirit. And she put faith in the words of her Lord and His scriptures, and was of the obedient.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Pharaoh’s wife and Mary are examples for believers. Their religious worth is not reduced to the faith of their male relatives.

Best use: Example

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Category: Tafsir

Source: Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Qur’an al-ʿAzim, on 33:35, “The Reason for Revelation” and the paired qualities

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Ibn Kathir places the paired male–female virtues alongside a report of Umm Salama asking why women were not mentioned as men were. The commentary then explains the ethical and devotional qualities.

Access and verification: English abridgment on Quran.com inspected; not a collation with an unabridged Arabic edition.

Relevance / context: The occasion is reported in Tafsir; its individual chains are not independently graded in this entry.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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Category: Tafsir

Source: al-Qurtubi, al-Jamiʿ li-Ahkam al-Qur’an, on 4:32, issue 3

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Al-Qurtubi records a reading in terms of reward and punishment, including equal multiplication of good deeds, and another concerning inheritance. The exegetical record is wider than a modern wage-rights reading.

Access and verification: Original Arabic commentary transcribed by King Saud University’s Ayat project; verse/section locator used, not the displayed mushaf page number.

Relevance / context: Useful for distinguishing direct wording, classical interpretation and contemporary economic application.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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Category: Scholarly / juristic study

Source: Jamal Badawi, Gender Equity in Islam: Basic Principles, Chapter 1, “Foundations of Spiritual and Human Equity”, points 1–4

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Badawi synthesises common origin, inherent dignity and the Qur’anic account of Adam and his wife into an argument for shared spiritual responsibility. He rejects assigning the entire blame for the garden episode to woman.

Access and verification: Author-permission web reproduction on Sound Vision; the book landing page identifies the 1999 version. Chapter locator, not fixed printed pagination.

Relevance / context: The synthesis is Badawi’s argument; its component verses retain their own numbered entries.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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