11 Worship in conduct: family, society and practical precedents

Qur’anic evidence • Complete ayah

“Save those who believe and do good works, and exhort one another to truth and exhort one another to endurance.”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al-Asr (103), ayah 3.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: The exception to human loss in the preceding verses combines personal commitment with mutual encouragement in truth and perseverance.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Qur’anic evidence • Contiguous ayah excerpt

“And serve Allah. Ascribe no thing as partner unto Him.”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al-Nisa (4), ayah 36.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: The same verse proceeds to parents, relatives, orphans, needy people, neighbours, companions, travellers and those under one’s authority. The social connection belongs to the verse’s context.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Qur’anic evidence • Complete ayah

“Yet refuse small kindnesses!”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al-Maun (107), ayah 7.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: The surah’s closing rebuke links performative religiosity with refusal of assistance. The range of maun is discussed in tafsir.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Qur’anic evidence • Complete ayah

“It is most hateful in the sight of Allah that ye say that which ye do not.”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al-Saff (61), ayah 3.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: A direct criticism of saying without doing, useful for assessing the ethical credibility of religious claims.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Qur’anic evidence • Contiguous ayah excerpt

“and consult with them upon the conduct of affairs.”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al Imran (3), ayah 159.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: The surrounding commands include pardon and seeking forgiveness. The verse is evidence for consultation, not by itself a detailed modern constitutional model.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Qur’anic evidence • Contiguous ayah excerpt

“and whose affairs are a matter of counsel,”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al-Shura (42), ayah 38.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: Unlike the direct address in 3:159, this passage describes believers collectively, alongside prayer and giving. Specific institutional conclusions need further evidence.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“To feed (the poor) and greet those whom you know and those whom you do not Know”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Belief, hadith 12; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abdullah ibn Amr.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The answer to a question about good Islamic practice joins material assistance with everyday social recognition.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“till he wishes for his (Muslim) brother what he likes for himself.”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Belief, hadith 13; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Anas ibn Malik. Parallel: Sahih Muslim, Faith, 45a (Sunnah.com numbering); related wording, not a second reference.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The opening makes this a requirement of faith. The excerpt supplies a test against selfishness; theological conclusions about an individual’s faith require further interpretation.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading. Corresponding report in both Sahih collections inspected; the reproduced wording remains that of al-Bukhari.

Best use: Argument / practical example

Verify: Arabic / English · Urdu · Parallel: Muslim 45a

Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“You will be rewarded for whatever you spend for Allah's sake”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Belief, hadith 56; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Sad ibn Abi Waqqas.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The continuation includes a morsel placed in one’s wife’s mouth. It explicitly connects domestic care and intention with religious reward.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“but the strong is the one who controls himself while in anger.”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, hadith 6114; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Hurayrah. Parallel: Sahih Muslim, Virtue and Good Manners, 2609a (Sunnah.com numbering); related wording, not a second reference.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The contrast is with overpowering others in wrestling. It supplies an ethical standard of strength that can be applied to conflict within households and communities.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading. Corresponding report in both Sahih collections inspected; the reproduced wording remains that of al-Bukhari.

Best use: Argument / practical example

Verify: Arabic / English · Urdu · Parallel: Muslim 2609a

Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“Gabriel continued to recommend me about treating the neighbors Kindly and politely”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, hadith 6014; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Aishah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The continuation says the repeated counsel led the Prophet to think neighbours might be assigned inheritance. It expresses emphasis; it does not itself enact a neighbour’s inheritance share.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“I and the person who looks after an orphan and provides for him, will be in Paradise like this,”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, hadith 6005; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Sahl ibn Sad.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The report includes a gesture with the index and middle fingers. It links sustained care for a vulnerable child with an eschatological promise.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“(Yes) There is a reward for serving any animate (living being) .”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, hadith 6009; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Hurayrah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The narrative concerns a man who gives water to a thirsty dog and is forgiven. The concluding answer explicitly extends reward to service of living creatures.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading. Urdu translation not verified.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“Your mother.”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, hadith 5971; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Hurayrah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: In answer to who most deserves good companionship, the mother is named three times, followed by the father. The short excerpt must be read with that repeated question-and-answer context.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“and then a bird, or a person or an animal eats from it, but is regarded as a charitable gift for him.”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Agriculture, hadith 2320; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Anas ibn Malik.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The condition is a Muslim planting or cultivating. An environmental application is reasonable, but the text specifically concerns others benefiting by eating from the produce.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute,”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Revelation, hadith 3; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Aishah; the quoted speaker is Khadijah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: This authenticated Seerah narrative records reassurance after the first revelation. The quoted words are Khadijah’s assessment, not a separate saying of the Prophet.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“so you should give the rights of all those who has a right on you.”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Fasting, hadith 1968; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Juhayfah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: Salman’s counsel concerning voluntary fasting and night prayer was expressly approved by the Prophet. The narrative is not a licence to neglect obligatory worship.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“and he never said to me, "Uf" (a minor harsh word denoting impatience)”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, hadith 6038; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Anas.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: Anas describes ten years of service and the absence of harsh reproach. The report supplies observed conduct rather than only an abstract ethical command.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“The one who looks after a widow or a poor person is like a Mujahid (warrior) who fights for Allah's Cause,”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Family Expenditure, hadith 5353; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Hurayrah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The continuation also compares this service to sustained prayer and fasting. The analogy concerns religious merit and elevates practical social care.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“Do you know who is poor?”

Source: Sahih Muslim, Virtue and Maintaining Kinship, hadith 2581; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Hurayrah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The explanation depicts a person arriving with prayer, fasting and zakat but losing merit through insults, slander, wrongful taking and violence. It directly prevents separating worship from social ethics.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih Muslim; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“and in man's sexual Intercourse (with his wife, ) there is a Sadaqa.”

Source: Sahih Muslim, Zakat, hadith 1006; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Dharr.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The report answers concern about the wealthy monopolising charitable reward, listing remembrance, moral action and lawful intimacy. Reward is linked to the lawful rather than the forbidden use of desire.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih Muslim; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Tafsir • Scholarly position / paraphrased argument

Ibn Kathir records explanations of maun ranging from zakat to lending ordinary utensils. He approves a synthesis that joins withholding wealth with withholding useful assistance, linking deficient worship to deficient treatment of people.

Source: Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim; commentary on 107:7. King Saud University digital Quran project.

Relevance / context: The entry concerns the commentator’s synthesis; reports he criticises are not independently authenticated here.

Status: Cited passage inspected in the linked digital text. Attribution verified; interpretation is not classified as a Hadith. Print pagination not asserted.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

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Tafsir • Scholarly position / paraphrased argument

In the fourth and eleventh discussions, al-Qurtubi extends the obligation of good neighbourly treatment to Muslim and non-Muslim neighbours. He includes helpful companionship, refraining from harm and practical assistance in his explanation of ihsan.

Source: Al-Qurtubi, Al-Jami li-ahkam al-Quran; commentary on 4:36. King Saud University digital Quran project.

Relevance / context: Adds a specific social interpretation beyond merely repeating the verse’s list of relationships.

Status: Cited passage inspected in the linked digital text. Attribution verified; interpretation is not classified as a Hadith. Print pagination not asserted.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

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Tafsir • Scholarly position / paraphrased argument

Al-Sadi interprets consultation as avoiding unilateral judgement in shared affairs and deliberating together where reflection is required. He places this alongside prayer and obligatory and voluntary expenditure as responses to God.

Source: Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi, Taysir al-Karim al-Rahman; commentary on 42:38. King Saud University digital Quran project.

Relevance / context: Links worship with collective conduct; institutional details require additional evidence and interpretation.

Status: Cited passage inspected in the linked digital text. Attribution verified; interpretation is not classified as a Hadith. Print pagination not asserted.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verify: Source passage