10 Hajj and sacrifice: devotion, equality and community

Qur’anic evidence • Contiguous ayah excerpt

“but the devotion from you reacheth Him.”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al-Hajj (22), ayah 37.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: The surrounding contrast concerns sacrificial flesh and blood. The point is devotion, not a material need on God’s part. Only the checked, unproblematic clause is reproduced.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Qur’anic evidence • Contiguous ayah excerpt

“And proclaim unto mankind the pilgrimage.”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al-Hajj (22), ayah 27.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: The continuation describes arrivals by foot and mount from distant routes, providing the scriptural setting for pilgrimage as a gathering across distance.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Qur’anic evidence • Contiguous ayah excerpt

“there is (to be) no lewdness nor abuse nor angry conversation on the pilgrimage.”

Source: Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqarah (2), ayah 197.

Translation: Marmaduke Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran; accessed through Quranic Arabic Corpus.

Relevance / context: Places restraints on sexual conduct, wrongdoing and quarrelling within the pilgrimage. A change of place does not suspend moral obligations.

Status: Arabic and the reproduced published translation wording checked in the linked digital texts.

Best use: Argument / application

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“And the reward of Hajj Mabrur (the one accepted by Allah) is nothing except Paradise.”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Umrah, hadith 1773; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Hurayrah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The report distinguishes successive umrahs as expiation from the reward of Hajj mabrur. Acceptance is a religious qualification, not guaranteed by travel alone.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

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Hadith / authenticated report • Verified Arabic excerpt; published translation excerpt(s)

“then he will return (after Hajj free from all sins) as if he were born anew.”

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Hajj, hadith 1521; numbering: Sunnah.com. Narrator: Abu Hurayrah.

Translation: Established English wording displayed by Sunnah.com; individual translator not identified on the accessed passage.

Relevance / context: The preceding conditions are Hajj for Allah and abstention from sexual misconduct and sin. The promise is conditional and should not erase obligations owed to other people.

Status: Sahih: included in Sahih al-Bukhari; text and locator checked. This is not a new independent isnad grading.

Best use: Argument / practical example

Verify: Arabic / English · Urdu

Tafsir • Scholarly position / paraphrased argument

Ibn Kathir explains sacrifice as an occasion to remember the Creator and Provider. Acceptance concerns sincere obedience and taqwa, not material flesh or blood reaching God, who is independent of creation.

Source: Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim; commentary on 22:37. King Saud University digital Quran project.

Relevance / context: Preserves the ritual while rejecting a material understanding of what God receives.

Status: Cited passage inspected in the linked digital text. Attribution verified; interpretation is not classified as a Hadith. Print pagination not asserted.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

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Classical or modern scholarship • Scholarly position / paraphrased argument

Al-Ghazali reads talbiyah as answering God’s call with hope and humility. He interprets the varied crowds at Arafat as an occasion to remember resurrection and collective accountability.

Source: Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, Ihya, Book 7, Kitab Asrar al-Hajj; Ibrahim Umar’s English translation, June 1975, chapter 3, inward acts, numbered discussions 10 and 17; Ghazali.org HTML text.

Relevance / context: An attributed symbolic interpretation. Surrounding anecdotes and claims about saints are not presented as authenticated Hadith or universally shared doctrine.

Status: Cited passage inspected in the linked digital text. Attribution verified; interpretation is not classified as a Hadith. Print pagination not asserted.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verify: Source passage