07. Moral values in everyday and environmental life

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Qalam (68), ayah 4.

Published English excerpt: And indeed, you are of a great moral character.

Translations / status: Sahih International (English); Fateh Muhammad Jalandhari (Urdu). Arabic and both excerpts checked at the links below.

Relevance: The Prophet’s character is praised directly; particulars of exemplary conduct are supplied by authenticated reports.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Arabic / Jalandhari | Sahih International

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Saff (61), ayah 2.

Published English excerpt: why do you say what you do not do?

Translations / status: Sahih International (English); Fateh Muhammad Jalandhari (Urdu). Arabic and both excerpts checked at the links below.

Relevance: The rebuke provides evidence against moral pretence and institutional commitments that are not fulfilled.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Arabic / Jalandhari | Sahih International

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Isra (17), ayah 35.

Published English excerpt: And give full measure when you measure,

Translations / status: Sahih International (English); Fateh Muhammad Jalandhari (Urdu). Arabic and both excerpts checked at the links below.

Relevance: Commercial integrity is expressed through a concrete transaction standard; the full verse also addresses a fair balance.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Arabic / Jalandhari | Sahih International

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Araf (7), ayah 31.

Published English excerpt: eat and drink, but be not excessive.

Translations / status: Sahih International (English); Fateh Muhammad Jalandhari (Urdu). Arabic and both excerpts checked at the links below.

Relevance: Enjoyment of lawful provision is joined to restraint. Modern sustainability is an application, not the verse’s technical vocabulary.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Arabic / Jalandhari | Sahih International

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Hujurat (49), ayah 12.

Published English excerpt: And do not spy or backbite each other.

Translations / status: Sahih International (English); Fateh Muhammad Jalandhari (Urdu). Arabic and both excerpts checked at the links below.

Relevance: The passage protects interpersonal trust from spying and backbiting. Specific legal exceptions require separate evidence.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Arabic / Jalandhari | Sahih International

Source: Qur’an, Surah Luqman (31), ayah 18.

Published English excerpt: And do not turn your cheek [in contempt] toward people

Translations / status: Sahih International (English); Fateh Muhammad Jalandhari (Urdu). Arabic and both excerpts checked at the links below.

Relevance: Luqman’s counsel links personal formation with the way one treats other people, not only private beliefs.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Arabic / Jalandhari | Sahih International

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 6018; Good Manners, Book 78; chapter 31.

Narrator: Abu Hurayra.

Published English excerpt: Anybody who believes in Allah and the Last Day should not harm his neighbor,

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Urdu: Islamic Urdu Books; wording checked, individual translator not independently established.

Parallel: Sahih Muslim, no. 47a; wording may vary. Same counted entry.

Relevance: Faith is linked with neighbourly safety; the same report includes hospitality and good speech. Counted once, not as three separate narrations.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage | Urdu excerpt | Parallel report

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 10; Belief, Book 2; chapter 4.

Narrator: Abdullah ibn Amr.

Published English excerpt: A Muslim is the one who avoids harming Muslims with his tongue and hands.

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Urdu: Islamic Urdu Books; wording checked, individual translator not independently established.

Parallel: Sahih Muslim, no. 40; wording may vary. Same counted entry.

Relevance: The report makes harmful conduct relevant to the quality of religious practice. Protection of non-Muslims is documented separately below.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage | Urdu excerpt | Parallel report

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 6013; Good Manners, Book 78; chapter 27.

Narrator: Jarir ibn Abdullah.

Published English excerpt: He who is not merciful to others, will not be treated mercifully.

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Urdu: Islamic Urdu Books; wording checked, individual translator not independently established.

Relevance: Mercy is presented as morally consequential, not merely an optional pleasant temperament.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage | Urdu excerpt

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 3559; Virtues and Merits, Book 61; chapter 23.

Narrator: Abdullah ibn Amr.

Published English excerpt: The best amongst you are those who have the best manners and character.

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Published Urdu translation not verified; no substitute translation supplied.

Relevance: The narrator also describes the Prophet as avoiding indecent speech. Personal character is therefore part of the Prophetic model of culture.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 6094; Good Manners, Book 78; chapter 69.

Narrator: Abdullah, as named in the accessed entry.

Published English excerpt: Truthfulness leads to righteousness, and righteousness leads to Paradise.

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Published Urdu translation not verified; no substitute translation supplied.

Parallel: Sahih Muslim, no. 2607a; wording may vary. Same counted entry.

Relevance: The full narration connects repeated truth or falsehood with an established moral identity. It is useful for the formation of personality.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage | Parallel report

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 2072; Sales and Trade, Book 34; chapter 15.

Narrator: Al-Miqdam.

Published English excerpt: Nobody has ever eaten a better meal than that which one has earned by working with one's own hands.

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Urdu: Islamic Urdu Books; wording checked, individual translator not independently established.

Relevance: The report cites David’s own labour. It commends productive effort without declaring all gifts or assistance unlawful.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage | Urdu excerpt

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 2320; Agriculture, Book 41; chapter 1.

Narrator: Anas ibn Malik.

Published English excerpt: a bird, or a person or an animal eats from it, but is regarded as a charitable gift for him.

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Published Urdu translation not verified; no substitute translation supplied.

Relevance: Planting benefits humans and other creatures and can carry charitable reward. Environmental stewardship is an application of this specified practice.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, no. 2363; Water Distribution, Book 42; chapter 9.

Narrator: Abu Hurayra.

Published English excerpt: Yes, there is a reward for serving any animate.

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Published Urdu translation not verified; no substitute translation supplied.

Relevance: In this version a man gives water to a thirsty dog. Preserve that narrative instead of merging it with another well-known version.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage

Source: Sahih Muslim, no. 1955a; Hunting, Slaughter and Edible Animals, Book 34; chapter 11.

Narrator: Shaddad ibn Aws.

Published English excerpt: Verily Allah has enjoined goodness to everything;

Grade: Sahih; included in the named Sahih collection.

Text sources: Arabic / English / numbering: Sunnah.com. Published Urdu translation not verified; no substitute translation supplied.

Relevance: The immediate context requires humane procedure in slaughter. The general ethical principle does not authorize otherwise unlawful harm.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage

Source: Abu Hamid al-Ghazali; Ihya Ulum al-Din, Book I: The Book of Knowledge.

Locator: Section V, eighth duty of the teacher.

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: The teacher should practise what is taught; contradiction between conduct and instruction damages the educational example.

Access / status: Nabih Amin Faris’s English translation, Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, Lahore, digitized at Ghazali.org, inspected; compiler’s paraphrase. Edition/year and print pages not verified.

Relevance: Use for integrity in social leadership.

Best use: ethical argument / example.

Verify: Source passage