Contemporary administrative comparison and research

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The abstract relates effective governance to siyasah shar‘iyyah, public benefit and the prevention of harm, alongside comparison with conventional governance.

Source: Sharifah Hayaati Syed Ismail, Efektif Governan dan Pelaksanaannya dalam Pentadbiran Islam, Jurnal Syariah 16(3), 2008, abstract; article 465–496.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: Use as an identified contemporary conceptual framework, not proof of superior historical outcomes.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Sharifah Hayaati Syed Ismail • Jurnal Syariah 16(3), 2008, abstract; article 465–496

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The authors connect shura and amanah with participation, transparency and public trust, while recognizing contextual variation and a need for empirical research.

Source: Mohammad Eisa Ruhullah and Thameem Ushama, Tawhidic Leadership in the Modern World: Bridging Islamic Governance with Universal Values for Peace and Integrity, Al-Shajarah 29(2), 2024, abstract.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: Useful for distinguishing a normative model from demonstrated institutional effects.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Mohammad Eisa Ruhullah and Thameem Ushama • Al-Shajarah 29(2), 2024, abstract

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The abstract studies shura historically and comparatively, including applications to Pakistan’s parliamentary setting.

Source: Saima Parveen and Sobia Khan, Their Affairs Are Conducted by Mutual Consultation: A Historical and Applied Study, Pakistan Journal of Quranic Studies 3(1), abstract; DOI 10.52461/pjqs.v3i1.3744.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: The comparison does not establish that a modern parliament and every classical shura model are identical.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Saima Parveen and Sobia Khan • Pakistan Journal of Quranic Studies 3(1), abstract; DOI 10.52461/pjqs.v3i1.3744

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument This qualitative conceptual study develops a bureaucracy-oriented fiqh using maqasid and maslahah.

Source: M. Arfan Ahwadzy and coauthors, Fiqh of Bureaucracy and Public Governance in Indonesia: A New Paradigm Based on Maqasid al-Shariah, Islamic Review 14(2), abstract; DOI 10.35878/islamicreview.v14i2.1844.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: The abstract supports the existence and purpose of the proposed framework, not causal evidence of reform success.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] M. Arfan Ahwadzy and coauthors • Islamic Review 14(2), abstract; DOI 10.35878/islamicreview.v14i2.1844

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The author compares consultative decision-making methods while distinguishing the frameworks within which administrative details are deliberated.

Source: Seyfeddin Neslinebi, A Comparison of Shura and Deliberative Democracy Decision-Making Methods: Similarities and Differences, International Journal of Emerging Issues in Islamic Studies 4(2), abstract; DOI 10.31098/ijeiis.v4i2.2953.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: Use for a sourced comparison, not an endorsement or a ranking of political arrangements.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Seyfeddin Neslinebi • International Journal of Emerging Issues in Islamic Studies 4(2), abstract; DOI 10.31098/ijeiis.v4i2.2953

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The review discusses the hisbah institution and qualifications surrounding price control in the book it reviews.

Source: Ali Musa Harahap, Public Duties in Islam: The Institution of the Hisba, Book review, Journal of Political and Social Agenda 3(2), 2024, abstract; review 88–93.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: This is access to Harahap’s review, not a claim to have read Ibn Taymiyyah’s work through the review.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Ali Musa Harahap • Book review, Journal of Political and Social Agenda 3(2), 2024, abstract; review 88–93

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The framework specifies preannounced qualifications, objective assessment, open access for qualified applicants, and oversight or recourse against unfair application.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 7, §7.2: components of merit-based staffing.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: Compare these procedures with the chapter’s evidence on competence and trust; do not equate a modern recruitment system with a revealed prescription.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 7, §7.2: components of merit-based staffing

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The handbook joins updated rules with induction and continuing training, evaluation, and accessible advice for practical ethical dilemmas and conflicts of interest.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 8, §§8.1–8.2: information, training and advice.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: Useful for converting general civil-service duties into an organizational training function.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 8, §§8.1–8.2: information, training and advice

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The chapter recommends channels for raising ethical concerns, responsive management, and protection against unjustified treatment for good-faith reports on reasonable grounds.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 9, §§9.1–9.2: speaking up and reporting channels.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: Compare protected complaint mechanisms with the bank’s evidence on truthful testimony and redress; allegations still require investigation.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 9, §§9.1–9.2: speaking up and reporting channels

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The framework combines risk assessment, warning signals, control weaknesses, monitoring and procedures for reporting credible suspicions to competent authorities.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 10, §§10.1–10.2: integrity risks and internal controls.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: Useful for comparing preventive hisbah functions with modern internal financial controls, without claiming historical identity.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 10, §§10.1–10.2: integrity risks and internal controls

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The chapter distinguishes giving reasons and information from enforcement, and links external oversight to complaints, organizational responses and appropriate redress.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 12, §§12.1–12.2: external review, answerability and enforcement.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: Compare this distinction with mazalim and judicial enforcement; an audit report alone is not a complete remedy.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 12, §§12.1–12.2: external review, answerability and enforcement

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text Target 16.6 concerns effective, accountable and transparent institutions; its indicators address expenditure against approved budgets and satisfaction with recent public services.

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Sustainable Development Goal 16, Targets 16.5–16.7; especially indicators 16.6.1 and 16.6.2.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: Use as a contemporary measurement example, not as a religious text or a ranking of countries.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs • Targets 16.5–16.7; especially indicators 16.6.1 and 16.6.2

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The authors use qualitative juristic analysis to propose a hisbah-informed framework addressing digital fraud, misinformation and privacy risks.

Source: Mohd Nahar Mohd Arshad and Tita Nursyamsiah, Digital Hisbah: A Governance Framework for the Digital Economy, Journal of Management and Muamalah 16(1), abstract; DOI 10.53840/jmm.v16i1.313.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: This is a conceptual proposal, not empirical proof or unrestricted authorization of surveillance.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Mohd Nahar Mohd Arshad and Tita Nursyamsiah • Journal of Management and Muamalah 16(1), abstract; DOI 10.53840/jmm.v16i1.313

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The doctrinal discussion links amanah with disclosure and transparency and relates shura, accountability, justice and equality to governance processes.

Source: Mohammed Veqar Ashraf-Khan and Mohammad Shahadat Hossain, Governance: Exploring the Islamic Approach and its Relevance for the Modern Context, International Journal of Islamic Khazanah 11(1), abstract; DOI 10.15575/ijik.v11i1.10433.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: Useful for a contemporary conceptual bridge; the argument does not itself demonstrate improved institutional outcomes.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Mohammed Veqar Ashraf-Khan and Mohammad Shahadat Hossain • International Journal of Islamic Khazanah 11(1), abstract; DOI 10.15575/ijik.v11i1.10433

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The authors examine hisbah as an administrative institution whose structure and scope require consideration across changing settings.

Source: Mohd Ab Malek Md Shah and coauthors, The Relevancy of Hisbah (Accountability) in the Modern Era: A Brief Analysis, Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 22(2), 2021, abstract; DOI 10.37231/jimk.2021.22.2.574.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: The abstract verifies their research theme, not every historical claim or assessment of institutional success.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Mohd Ab Malek Md Shah and coauthors • Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 22(2), 2021, abstract; DOI 10.37231/jimk.2021.22.2.574

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The study describes the conceptual crystallization of hisbah in classical scholarship and its institutionalization in Islamic government.

Source: Marah Halim, Eksistensi Wilayatul Hisbah dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Islam, Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 10(2), abstract; DOI 10.22373/jiif.v10i2.45.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: Useful for distinguishing a religious duty from the changing administrative organization assigned to perform it.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Marah Halim • Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 10(2), abstract; DOI 10.22373/jiif.v10i2.45

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The abstract asks how senior managers themselves are supervised and notes that ordinary output measures may miss fraud, discrimination and breaches of trust.

Source: Afifah Abu Yazid and Bashir Ahmad Aziz, AL-Hisbah: ALTERNATIVE ESCORT OF MODEN ARRANGEMENT, Journal of Islam and Science 2(2), 2015, publisher-indexed abstract; DOI 10.24252/jis.v2i2.2181.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: Use for the accountability-of-accountability problem, not as independently tested evidence that one system eliminates abuse.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Afifah Abu Yazid and Bashir Ahmad Aziz • Journal of Islam and Science 2(2), 2015, publisher-indexed abstract; DOI 10.24252/jis.v2i2.2181

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The handbook locates integrity commitments in legislation, institutional responsibilities, staffing and resources, rather than isolated declarations.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 1, §§1.1–1.2.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: A contemporary comparison for translating ethical duties into administrative arrangements.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 1, §§1.1–1.2

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The chapter combines clear conduct standards, their inclusion in legal and organizational rules, proportionate preventive procedures and communication to officials and the public.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 4, §§4.1–4.2.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: Useful for comparing amanah with a written civil-service code; the modern instrument is not itself a sacred text.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 4, §§4.1–4.2

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The chapter requires fairness, objectivity and timeliness across investigation, sanctions and appeal, together with inter-agency coordination and lawful confidentiality.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 11, §§11.1–11.2.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: Compare procedural safeguards, not only the existence of penalties.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 11, §§11.1–11.2

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The chapter links access to information and inclusive participation with safeguards against particular interests dominating policy formation.

Source: OECD, OECD Public Integrity Handbook, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 13, §13.1.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: A distinct contemporary comparison with consultation; no identity between every shura model and this framework is assumed.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] OECD • OECD Publishing, Paris, 2020; Chapter 13, §13.1

Institutional comparison

Institutional position / paraphrased text The official explanation groups CEPA’s governance principles under effectiveness, accountability and inclusiveness; it records ECOSOC endorsement in July 2018.

Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Urgently transforming institutions for a greener, more inclusive, and more resilient world, UN DESA Voice, March 2023, opening paragraph on CEPA principles.

Verification / status: The identified official text/section was inspected. Compiler paraphrase, not a published translation. A comparative administrative framework, not a source of Islamic revelation or a claim about current national law.

Relevance: The three-pillar explanation was inspected; this is not a claim that all eleven principle documents were individually examined.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs • UN DESA Voice, March 2023, opening paragraph on CEPA principles

Modern academic research

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument The literature-based study treats hisbah as economic, social and moral supervision and proposes a complementary role within contemporary state agencies.

Source: Muhammad Fathrul Quddus and Tika Widiastuti, The State as a Market Supervisor in Islamic Perspective, AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review 4(02), issue labelled 2019; website publication date 25 May 2022; abstract; DOI 10.47312/aifer.v4i02.359.

Verification / status: Publisher’s abstract inspected; full article not examined. The entry verifies the authors’ stated research position, not the historical reports they may cite. English and Urdu are compiler paraphrases.

Relevance: The abstract qualifies regulation by avoiding harm to market participants; it does not provide empirical evidence of regulatory success.

Best use: Interpretation / critical analysis

Verification links: [1] Muhammad Fathrul Quddus and Tika Widiastuti • AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review 4(02), issue labelled 2019; website publication date 25 May 2022; abstract; DOI 10.47312/aifer.v4i02.359