G. Separation, maintenance and remedies

Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqara (2), 2:228

Published English — Pickthall: Women who are divorced shall wait, keeping themselves apart, three (monthly) courses. And it is not lawful for them that they should conceal that which Allah hath created in their wombs if they are believers in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands would do better to take them back in that case if they desire a reconciliation. And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them in kindness, and men are a degree above them. Allah is Mighty, Wise.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Retains both reciprocal rights and the verse’s statement of a degree for men, in divorce and waiting-period context. Do not quote only one half as though it were the whole verse.

Best use: Critical analysis

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Cross-references: 121

Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqara (2), 2:229

Published English — Pickthall: Divorce must be pronounced twice and then (a woman) must be retained in honour or released in kindness. And it is not lawful for you that ye take from women aught of that which ye have given them; except (in the case) when both fear that they may not be able to keep within the limits (imposed by) Allah. And if ye fear that they may not be able to keep the limits of Allah, in that case it is no sin for either of them if the woman ransom herself. These are the limits (imposed by) Allah. Transgress them not. For whoso transgresseth Allah's limits: such are wrong-doers.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Establishes limits on repeated divorce and discusses a wife’s release by compensation; detailed khul doctrine belongs to jurisprudence.

Best use: Argument

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Cross-references: 116

Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqara (2), 2:231

Published English — Pickthall: When ye have divorced women, and they have reached their term, then retain them in kindness or release them in kindness. Retain them not to their hurt so that ye transgress (the limits). He who doeth that hath wronged his soul. Make not the revelations of Allah a laughing-stock (by your behaviour), but remember Allah's grace upon you and that which He hath revealed unto you of the Scripture and of wisdom, whereby He doth exhort you. Observe your duty to Allah and know that Allah is Aware of all things.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Condemns retaining a wife to harm her and treats misuse of divorce procedure as wrongdoing.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqara (2), 2:232

Published English — Pickthall: And when ye have divorced women and they reach their term, place not difficulties in the way of their marrying their husbands if it is agreed between them in kindness. This is an admonition for him among you who believeth in Allah and the Last Day. That is more virtuous for you, and cleaner. Allah knoweth; ye know not.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Prohibits obstruction when former spouses agree to remarry honourably after the waiting period.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqara (2), 2:233

Published English — Pickthall: Mothers shall suckle their children for two whole years; (that is) for those who wish to complete the suckling. The duty of feeding and clothing nursing mothers in a seemly manner is upon the father of the child. No-one should be charged beyond his capacity. A mother should not be made to suffer because of her child, nor should he to whom the child is born (be made to suffer) because of his child. And on the (father's) heir is incumbent the like of that (which was incumbent on the father). If they desire to wean the child by mutual consent and (after) consultation, it is no sin for them; and if ye wish to give your children out to nurse, it is no sin for you, provide that ye pay what is due from you in kindness. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is Seer of what ye do.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Protects both parents from harm through the child and includes mutual consultation about weaning.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqara (2), 2:234

Published English — Pickthall: Such of you as die and leave behind them wives, they (the wives) shall wait, keeping themselves apart, four months and ten days. And when they reach the term (prescribed for them) then there is no sin for you in aught that they may do with themselves in decency. Allah is informed of what ye do.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: States the widow’s waiting period and acknowledges subsequent lawful decisions about herself.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqara (2), 2:241

Published English — Pickthall: For divorced women a provision in kindness: a duty for those who ward off (evil).

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: A direct provision text; the classification and amount of mut‘ah require juristic discussion rather than invented uniform figures.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah At-Talaaq (65), 65:1

Published English — Pickthall: O Prophet! When ye (men) put away women, put them away for their (legal) period and reckon the period, and keep your duty to Allah, your Lord. Expel them not from their houses nor let them go forth unless they commit open immorality. Such are the limits (imposed by) Allah; and whoso transgresseth Allah's limits, he verily wrongeth his soul. Thou knowest not: it may be that Allah will afterward bring some new thing to pass.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Connects divorce to a counted waiting period and restrictions on expulsion; the express exception remains part of the text.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah At-Talaaq (65), 65:6

Published English — Pickthall: Lodge them where ye dwell, according to your wealth, and harass them not so as to straiten life for them. And if they are with child, then spend for them till they bring forth their burden. Then, if they give suck for you, give them their due payment and consult together in kindness; but if ye make difficulties for one another, then let some other woman give suck for him (the father of the child).

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Specifies housing without harassment, pregnancy-related support and payment for nursing, with consultation.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah At-Talaaq (65), 65:7

Published English — Pickthall: Let him who hath abundance spend of his abundance, and he whose provision is measured, let him spend of that which Allah hath given him. Allah asketh naught of any soul save that which He hath given it. Allah will vouchsafe, after hardship, ease.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Sets expenditure in relation to financial capacity, not an invented identical amount for every household.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah An-Nisaa (4), 4:128

Published English — Pickthall: If a woman feareth ill treatment from her husband, or desertion, it is no sin for them twain if they make terms of peace between themselves. Peace is better. But greed hath been made present in the minds (of men). If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Addresses a woman’s fear of ill-treatment or desertion and discusses settlement; agreements must not be confused with compelled surrender of rights.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Divorce, no. 5273

Narrator: Ibn ʿAbbas

Checked published English excerpt: “Accept your garden, and divorce her once.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: Thabit ibn Qays’s wife sought separation without alleging defects in his character or religion. The returned garden and single divorce belong to this specific case.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Divorce, no. 5283

Narrator: Ibn ʿAbbas

Checked published English excerpt: “No, I only intercede for him.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The Prophet distinguished intercession from command; Barira declined reconciliation with Mughith. This is a documented exercise of choice, not a generic slogan.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Supporting the Family, no. 5364

Narrator: ʿA’isha

Checked published English excerpt: “Take what is sufficient for you and your children, and the amount should be just and reasonable.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: Hind’s complaint concerns inadequate provision; the answer is limited by sufficiency and recognised fairness, not unrestricted access to another’s property.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih Muslim, Divorce, no. 1483

Narrator: Jabir ibn ʿAbd Allah

Checked published English excerpt: “Certainly you can pluck (dates) from your palm trees, for perhaps you may give charity or do an act of kindness.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Established English wording on Sunnah.com; individual translator not confirmed from this entry.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: Jabir’s divorced aunt receives permission to harvest her dates. This evidences a permitted purposeful outing; it does not remove every rule concerning the waiting period.

Best use: Argument / example

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Category: Tafsir

Source: al-Qurtubi, al-Jamiʿ li-Ahkam al-Qur’an, on 4:34, issue 3

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Al-Qurtubi connects qiwama with financial provision and reports the Maliki and Shafiʿi allowance of dissolution for inability to maintain, contrasting Abu Hanifa’s position against dissolution on that ground.

Access and verification: Original Arabic commentary transcribed by King Saud University’s Ayat project; verse/section locator used, not the displayed mushaf page number.

Relevance / context: An independently identified juristic remedy, not a second quotation of the verse.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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Category: Tafsir

Source: al-Tabari, Jamiʿ al-Bayan, on 2:228, discussions of reciprocal rights and daraja; reports 3765–3773

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: After listing competing explanations of daraja, al-Tabari prefers the husband’s fulfilling all her rights while generously foregoing some of his own. He relates reciprocity to avoiding harm in divorce and return.

Access and verification: Original Arabic commentary transcribed by King Saud University’s Ayat project; verse/section locator used, not the displayed mushaf page number.

Relevance / context: This is al-Tabari’s reasoned preference, not a claim that every exegete adopted it.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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