H. Motherhood, children and social care

Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Israa (17), 17:23-24

Published English — Pickthall: [17:23] Thy Lord hath decreed, that ye worship none save Him, and (that ye show) kindness to parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age with thee, say not ``Fie" unto them nor repulse them, but speak unto them a gracious word. [17:24] And lower unto them the wing of submission through mercy, and say: My Lord! Have mercy on them both as they did care for me when I was little.

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Combines provision, respectful speech and mercy, especially in old age.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Luqman (31), 31:14-15

Published English — Pickthall: [31:14] And We have enjoined upon man concerning his partners - His mother beareth him in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years - Give thanks unto Me and unto thy parents. Unto Me is the journeying. [31:15] But if they strive with thee to make thee ascribe unto Me as partner that of which thou hast no knowledge, then obey them not. Consort with them in the world kindly, and follow the path of him who repenteth unto Me. Then unto Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what ye used to do -

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Recognises pregnancy and nursing, while distinguishing respectful companionship from obedience in religious wrongdoing.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Al-Ahqaaf (46), 46:15

Published English — Pickthall: And We have commended unto man kindness toward parents. His mother beareth him with reluctance, and bringeth him forth with reluctance, and the bearing of him and the weaning of him is thirty months, till, when he attaineth full strength and reacheth forty years, he saith: My Lord! Arouse me that I may give thanks for the favour wherewith Thou hast favoured me and my parents, and that I may do right acceptable unto Thee. And be gracious unto me in the matter of my seed. Lo! I have turned unto Thee repentant, and lo! I am of those who surrender (unto Thee).

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Explicitly recognises maternal hardship and joins gratitude to responsible intergenerational conduct.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah An-Nisaa (4), 4:36

Published English — Pickthall: And serve Allah. Ascribe no thing as partner unto Him. (Show) kindness unto parents, and unto near kindred, and orphans, and the needy, and unto the neighbour who is of kin (unto you) and the neighbour who is not of kin, and the fellow-traveller and the wayfarer and (the slaves) whom your right hands possess. Lo! Allah loveth not such as are proud and boastful,

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Includes parents, relatives, orphans, needy people, different neighbours, companions, travellers and enslaved persons.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • complete verse(s)

Category: Qur’an

Source: Qur’an, Surah Ad-Dhuhaa (93), 93:9-10

Published English — Pickthall: [93:9] Therefor the orphan oppress not, [93:10] Therefor the beggar drive not away,

Verification: Identified digital Arabic and published translations checked; source versions are recorded in the access register.

Relevance / context: Concise evidence for dignified treatment of vulnerable and requesting persons.

Best use: Argument

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, no. 6016

Narrator: Abu Shurayh

Checked published English excerpt: “That person whose neighbor does not feel safe from his evil.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: Neighbourly safety is tied to the ethical demands of faith. The warning should not be casually turned into a judgment expelling a person from Islam.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, no. 5971

Narrator: Abu Hurayra

Checked published English excerpt: “Your mother.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The question is answered “your mother” three times, followed by “your father.” This is evidence about good companionship, not a blanket ranking of every legal right.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, no. 5995

Narrator: ʿA’isha

Checked published English excerpt: “Whoever is in charge of (put to test by) these daughters and treats them generously”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The occasion is a mother dividing a date between her daughters. The complete saying promises protection from the Fire for generous care; it counters the devaluation of girls.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih Muslim, Virtue, good manners and kinship, no. 2631

Narrator: Anas ibn Malik (confirmed from the Arabic text)

Checked published English excerpt: “He, who brought up two girls properly till they grew up”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Established English wording on Sunnah.com; individual translator not confirmed from this entry.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The complete report promises proximity to the Prophet on Resurrection. The English page shortens the narrator’s name to “Malik”; the Arabic establishes Anas ibn Malik.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, no. 5997

Narrator: Abu Hurayra

Checked published English excerpt: “Whoever is not merciful to others will not be treated mercifully.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The Prophet says this after kissing al-Hasan and hearing a man boast that he never kisses his children. The setting gives concrete content to mercy.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Gifts, no. 2587

Narrator: al-Nuʿman ibn Bashir, through ʿAmir

Checked published English excerpt: “Be afraid of Allah, and be just to your children.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The incident concerns a lifetime gift, and the mother requests Prophetic attestation. Gift equality and fixed inheritance shares must not be treated as an identical legal question.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, no. 6005

Narrator: Sahl ibn Saʿd

Checked published English excerpt: “I and the person who looks after an orphan and provides for him, will be in Paradise like this”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The accompanying two-finger gesture expresses proximity in Paradise. Kafala here concerns actual care and provision, not merely a ceremonial title.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Supporting the Family, no. 5353

Narrator: Abu Hurayra

Checked published English excerpt: “The one who looks after a widow or a poor person”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The complete report compares sustained support with striving in Allah’s cause. It supplies a specific welfare precedent, not merely an abstract declaration of compassion.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Good Manners, no. 5986

Narrator: Anas ibn Malik

Checked published English excerpt: “he should keep good relations with his Kith and kin.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: The complete report links kinship with blessing in provision and life. It supports family solidarity; it is not an empirical medical prediction for a particular person.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih al-Bukhari, Gifts, no. 2620

Narrator: Asma’ bint Abi Bakr

Checked published English excerpt: “Yes, keep good relation with her.”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan, as displayed on Sunnah.com; checked excerpt only.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: Asma’ asks about her polytheist mother. The permission to maintain the relationship supplies a concrete example of filial care across religious difference.

Best use: Argument / example

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Original Arabic • checked excerpt

Category: Hadith

Source: Sahih Muslim, Remembrance, Supplication, Repentance and Seeking Forgiveness, no. 2699a

Narrator: Abu Hurayra

Checked published English excerpt: “he who finds relief for one who is hard-pressed, Allah would make things easy for him in the Hereafter”

Translation limit: A published Urdu translation was not verified; the Urdu column retains citation, grading and a relevance note.

English source: Established English wording on Sunnah.com; individual translator not confirmed from this entry.

Status: Sahih: included in the named Sahih collection; collection-level classification, not a new chain study.

Relevance / context: This excerpt concerns relief for a person in difficulty; the larger report also commends knowledge and mutual assistance. Those additional clauses are not counted separately.

Best use: Argument / example

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Category: Scholarly / juristic study

Source: Jamal Badawi, Gender Equity in Islam: Basic Principles, Chapter 3, “As a Daughter”, points 1–4

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Badawi treats daughters’ education as part of their upbringing and links it with protection from infanticide, humiliation and discriminatory parental treatment. This is a social argument, not a demographic claim about all Muslim societies.

Access and verification: Author-permission web reproduction on Sound Vision; the book landing page identifies the 1999 version. Chapter locator, not fixed printed pagination.

Relevance / context: His quoted reports are not newly authenticated merely by their appearance here; use the separately checked Hadith entries.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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Category: Scholarly / juristic study

Source: Sayyid Abu al-Aʿla Maududi, Insan ke Bunyadi Huquq, section: معاشی تحفظ

Scholarly position / paraphrased argument: Maududi makes food, clothing and treatment claims of the needy even when the person belongs to an enemy community.

Access and verification: Original Urdu Unicode passage on Read Maududi, which acknowledges access through Islamic Publications, Lahore; printed edition and pages not verified.

Relevance / context: Connects human dignity with material obligations.

Best use: Critical analysis / interpretation

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